Ahn, E., Baek, Y., Park, J. E., Lee, S. and Jin, H. J. (2024). Elevated prevalence and treatment of sleep disorders from 2011 to 2020: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study in Korea, BMJ Open, 14(2), e079357.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079357.
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2014). International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd ed.), American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Darien, IL, USA.
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., Text Revision; DSM-5-TR), American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, DC, USA.
Baglioni, C., Battagliese, G., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., Voderholzer, U. and Riemann, D. (2011). Insomnia as a predictor of depression: A meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies, Journal of Affective Disorders, 135(1-3), pp. 10-19.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.011.
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A. and Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R. and Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research, Psychiatry Research, 28(2), pp. 193-213.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
Buysse, D. J., Angst, J., Gamma, A., Ajdacic, V., Eich, D. and Rössler, W. (2008). Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults, Sleep, 31(4), pp. 473-480.
https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/31.4.473.
Chen, J., Li, C., Chen, L. and Li, S. (2025a). Insomnia comorbid with depression: A bibliometric and visualized analysis of research trends and hotspots from 2000 to 2024, Behavioural Neurology, 2025.
Chen, J., Li, C., Chen, L. and Wang, Y. (2025b). Interpretable machine learning for classification and risk factor identification of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms after the full opening of China’s COVID-19 lockdown, BMC Psychiatry, 25.
Georgiev, T., Draganova, A., Avramov, K. and Terziyski, K. (2025). Chronic insomnia: Beyond the symptom of insufficient sleep, Folia Medica, 67(3.
Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). (2022). Analysis of Depression and Anxiety Disorder Treatment Statistics (2017-2021), Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju. [Korean Literature].
Manber, R., Edinger, J. D., Gress, Gress., San Pedro-Salcedo, C. S., Kuo, M. and Kalista, S. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia enhances depression outcome in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and insomnia, Sleep, 31(4), pp. 489-495.
https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/31.4.489.
Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). (2025). Guidelines for Approval and Review of Digital Therapeutics, Guide-0921-02, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju. [Korean Literature].
Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW). (2021). 2021 Survey on Mental Illness, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Sejong. [Korean Literature].
Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) and National Mental Health Center. (2024). 2024 Survey on National Mental Health Knowledge and Attitude, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Sejong. [Korean Literature].
Moitra, M., Santomauro, D., Collins, P. Y., Vos, T., Whiteford, H., Saxena, S. and Ferrari, A. J. (2022). The global gap in treatment coverage for major depressive disorder in 84 countries from 2000-2019: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-regression analysis, PLOS Medicine, 19(2), e1003901.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003901.
Noor, S., Hussain, Z., Hamdan, Q. U., Zaman, M., Paracha, R. Z. and Shamsi, S. A. Z. (2025). Leveraging data augmentation for machine learning models in predicting depression and anxiety using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale clinical reports, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1560398.
van Dalfsen, J. H., Kamphuis, J., Türkmen, C., Peen, J., Booij, S. H., van Oosterzee, K. P., Riese, H., Dekker, J. J. M. and Schoevers, R. A. (2025). The predictive value of insomnia for the treatment outcome of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and combined therapy in major depressive disorder: A mega-analysis of five randomised clinical trials, Journal of Affective Disorders, 387, pp. 171-180.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.06.033.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2024). Mental Health Atlas 2024, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Xu, M., Wang, Q., Li, B., Qian, S., Wang, S., Wang, Y., Chen, C., Liu, Z., Ji, Y., Liu, K., Xin, K. and Niu, Y. (2023). Cerebellum and hippocampus abnormalities in patients with insomnia comorbid depression: A study on cerebral blood perfusion and functional connectivity, Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1262720.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1262720.
Yun, M., Jeon, M. and Yang, H. (2024). A novel machine learning- based prediction method for patients at risk of developing depressive symptoms using a small data, PLOS ONE, 19(5), e0301553.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301553.